Sperm banking
Sperm banking refers to the storage of a semen sample so that it can be used as a source of sperm in the future. The sperm sample is stored using a cryopreservation method. Cryopreservation is a practical aspect of cryobiology, or the study of life at low temperatures, which can stabilize cells at low temperatures. Many advances have been made in cryopreservation methods, leading to the development of methods that preserve various types of cells, such as male and female gametes, and more complex organisms like embryos.
Cryopreservation of human sperm began in the 1960s, and over the years, many of its temporal and spatial limitations have been overcome to become an integral part of assisted reproductive techniques.
How does sperm banking through cryopreservation help preserve male fertility
Cryopreservation is particularly useful in preserving fertility in men with various types of cancer before starting radiotherapy or chemotherapy (which may lead to testicular dysfunction or impaired ejaculation).
Removal of gonads or permanent damage to germ cells or adjunctive therapy leads to subfertility and infertility. Therefore, semen cryopreservation seems to be a proven method in couples with cancer and can increase the chances of having a genetic child in the future after treatment.
However, the risk associated with treatment is also related to various factors such as the patient’s age at the time of treatment, dose, location, and type of treatment.
In what other diseases is sperm banking recommended
Cryopreservation (sperm banking) is also recommended for male gametes in some non-malignant diseases such as diabetes, autoimmune diseases, or high blood pressure, which can lead to testicular damage.
Cryopreservation Methods
Two main cryopreservation methods are used for sperm storage: